{"id":344,"date":"2014-02-19T19:17:39","date_gmt":"2014-02-19T19:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/?p=344"},"modified":"2014-02-19T19:17:39","modified_gmt":"2014-02-19T19:17:39","slug":"manually-locating-physical-and-virtual-reality-objects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/2014\/02\/19\/manually-locating-physical-and-virtual-reality-objects\/","title":{"rendered":"Manually Locating Physical and Virtual Reality Objects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Manually Locating Physical and Virtual Reality Objects<\/strong><br \/>\nKaren B. Chen<br \/>\nRyan A. Kimmel<br \/>\nAaron Bartholomew<br \/>\nKevin Ponto<br \/>\nMichael L. Gleicher<br \/>\nRobert G. Radwin<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-1\">Objective:\u00a0In this study, we compared how users locate physical and equivalent three-dimensional images of virtual objects in a cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) using the hand to examine how human performance (accuracy, time, and approach) is affected by object size, location, and distance.<\/p>\n<div id=\"sec-2\">\n<p id=\"p-2\">Background:\u00a0Virtual reality (VR) offers the promise to flexibly simulate arbitrary environments for studying human performance. Previously, VR researchers primarily considered differences between virtual and physical distance estimation rather than reaching for close-up objects.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sec-3\">\n<p id=\"p-3\">Method:\u00a0Fourteen participants completed manual targeting tasks that involved reaching for corners on equivalent physical and virtual boxes of three different sizes. Predicted errors were calculated from a geometric model based on user interpupillary distance, eye location, distance from the eyes to the projector screen, and object.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sec-4\">\n<p id=\"p-4\">Results:\u00a0Users were 1.64 times less accurate (<em>p<\/em>\u00a0&lt; .001) and spent 1.49 times more time (<em>p<\/em>\u00a0= .01) targeting virtual versus physical box corners using the hands. Predicted virtual targeting errors were on average 1.53 times (<em>p<\/em>\u00a0&lt; .05) greater than the observed errors for farther virtual targets but not significantly different for close-up virtual targets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sec-5\">\n<p id=\"p-5\">Conclusion:\u00a0Target size, location, and distance, in addition to binocular disparity, affected virtual object targeting inaccuracy. Observed virtual box inaccuracy was less than predicted for farther locations, suggesting possible influence of cues other than binocular vision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sec-6\">\n<p id=\"p-6\">Application:\u00a0Human physical interaction with objects in VR for simulation, training, and prototyping involving reaching and manually handling virtual objects in a CAVE are more accurate than predicted when locating farther objects.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/files\/2014\/02\/box.gif\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-345\" title=\"box\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/files\/2014\/02\/box.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manually Locating Physical and Virtual Reality Objects Karen B. Chen Ryan A. Kimmel Aaron Bartholomew Kevin Ponto Michael L. Gleicher Robert G. Radwin Abstract:\u00a0 Objective:\u00a0In this study, we compared how users locate physical and equivalent three-dimensional images of virtual objects in a cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) using the hand to examine how human performance [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=344"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":347,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344\/revisions\/347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.discovery.wisc.edu\/kponto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}